Fossilbericht der Hell Creek- und Lance Formation

Lesedauer 73 Minuten

Die Hell Creek Formation ist die wohl bekannteste Fossillagerstätte aus dem Maastrichtiums der USA und gehört auch zu den am intensivsten erforschten auf der ganzen Welt. Zusammen mit der stratigraphisch identischen Lance Formation aus Wyoming bietet sie die wohl besten Einblicke ins Ökosystem des westlichen Nordamerikas während der letzten beiden Jahrmillionen des Mesozoikums. Nicht zuletzt deshalb habe ich diese Gegend als ersten Handlungsort für meine Romanreihe Die Weißen Steine ausgewählt. Hier wurden nicht nur viele der berühmtesten Dinosaurier gefunden, sondern auch eine Vielzahl weiterer interessanter Lebewesen aus der späten Kreidezeit.¹ Aufgrund des schieren Umfangs der im Fossilbericht dieser Formationen belegten Arten sind sie hier in einem eigenen Artikel gelistet.

Diese schiere Anzahl verblüfft umso mehr, wenn man sich vor Augen führt, dass nur ein Bruchteil der Lebewesen überhaupt die Chance bekam, als Fossil überliefert zu werden. Und immer noch und immer wieder werden neue Arten aus der Oberkreide Montanas, der Dakotas und Wyomings beschrieben, wo sich die Hell Creek Formation einst ablagerte. Trotz des umfangreichen Fossilberichts ist uns das wahre Ausmaß der dortigen Artenvielfalt also noch gar nicht bekannt. Wir haben zum Beispiel nur sehr wenige Insektenfossilien aus dieser Lagerstätte beschrieben. Heute bilden Insekten aber den größten Teil der Artenvielfalt eines Ökosystems ab. Da die Hell Creek Formation ein sehr wasserreicher Lebensraum war, überrascht es auch, dass wir von den wahrscheinlich zahlreichen Krebstieren auch noch kaum etwas wissen. Weiter landeinwärts gab es offenbar ausgedehnte Waldgebiete. Aber außer Kohle finden sich dort auch kaum Fossilien von Tieren. Viele von ihnen, vielleicht auch einige Spezies von Dinosauriern, die in diesen Wäldern lebten, sind also wahrscheinlich nicht als Fossil erhalten geblieben, sodass wir nie von ihnen erfahren werden.

Die weltweit größte Sammlung von Fossilien aus beiden Formationen wird im Museum of the Rockies in Bozeman (Montana) aufbewahrt und ausgestellt. Die gezeigten Exemplare stammen aus dem Hell Creek Project, einer Initiative des Museums, der Montana State University, der University of Washington, der University of California in Berkeley, der University of North Dakota und der University of North Carolina, die bereits 1998 begann. 1966 wurde das Hell Creek Fossil Area vom National Park Service als National Natural Landmark ausgewiesen.²

Sowohl aus der Hell Creek- als auch aus der Lance Formation sind auch marine Fazies bekannt, wie etwa das Cannonball Marine Member. Da es nicht die typische Fauna von Landlebewesen enthält, sondern vor allem marine Wirbellose, werden diese Abschnitte oft auch zum marinen Pierre Shale oder zur etwas älteren Fox Hills Formation gezählt.^[3] Die dort nachgewiesenen Arten sind hier nun aber ebenfalls mit aufgelistet. Sie gehören aber streng genommen nicht zur typischen Lancian Fauna.

Karte mit den Aufschlüssen der marinen Pierre Shale- und Fox Hills Formation, sowie der lakustrinen Hell Creek- und Lance Formation aus der obersten Kreidezeit, sowie der paläozänen Fort Union Formation, alle in den Williston- und Powder-River-Becken. Modifizierte Karte nach **Hartman (2002)**, aus dem als gemeinfrei gekennzeichneten Paper von **Denver Fowler (2020)**. Dort heruntergeladen am 18.10.2025.

Foraminifera:

Bild:	Spezies:	Fundort:	Stratigraphische Position:	Bekanntes Material:	Bemerkungen:
	Cristellaria sp.³	North Dakota, South Dakota	obere marine Fazies (Cannonball-Member)	480 Exemplare	Foraminiferida
	Nodosaria sp.⁴	North Dakota, South Dakota	obere marine Fazies (Cannonball-Member)	1454 Exemplare	Nodosariidae

Korallen:

Spezies:	Fundort:	Stratigraphische Position:	Bekanntes Material:	Bemerkungen:
Paracyathus kayserensis⁵	North Dakota, South Dakota	obere marine Fazies (Cannonball Member)	—	Steinkoralle (Caryophylliidae)
Paracyathus lloydi⁶	North Dakota, South Dakota	obere marine Fazies (Cannonball Member)	—	Steinkoralle (Caryophylliidae)
Paracyathus thomi⁷	North Dakota, South Dakota	obere marine Fazies (Cannonball Member)	—	Steinkoralle (Caryophylliidae)
Steriphonotrochus leithensis⁸	North Dakota, South Dakota	obere marine Fazies (Cannonball Member)	—	Hartkoralle (Guyniidae)
Trochocyathus dakotaensis⁹	North Dakota, South Dakota	obere marine Fazies (Cannonball Member)	—	Steinkoralle (Caryophylliidae)
Trochocyathus neumani (?)¹⁰	North Dakota, South Dakota	obere marine Fazies (Cannonball Member)	—	Steinkoralle (Caryophylliidae)

Kopffüßer:

Spezies:	Fundort:	Stratigraphische Position:	Bekanntes Material:	Bemerkungen:
Baculites compressus¹¹	South Dakota, Wyoming	untere bis obere marine Fazies	27 Exemplare	Ammonit (Baculitidae)
Baculites ovatus¹²	South Dakota	untere bis obere marine Fazies	50 Exemplare	Ammonit (Baculitidae)
Discoscaphites conradi¹³	South Dakota	untere bis obere marine Fazies	75 Exemplare	Ammonit (Scaphitidae)
Discoscaphites rossi¹⁴	South Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	10 Exemplare	Ammonit (Scaphitidae)
Hoploscaphites nicolletii¹⁵	North Dakota, South Dakota	untere marine Fazies	34 Exemplare	Ammonit (Scaphitidae); synonym zu Scaphites (Discoscaphites) abyssinus
Hoploscaphites nodosus¹⁶	Wyoming	untere bis obere marine Fazies	15 Exemplare	Ammonit (Scaphitidae); synonym zu Scaphites (Discoscaphites) nodosus
Jeletzkytes nebrascensis¹⁷	South Dakota	untere marine Fazies Jeletzkytes nebrascensis	24 Exemplare	Ammonit (Scaphitidae); synonym zu Scaphites (Discoscaphites) cheyennensis
Placenticeras whitfieldi¹⁸	South Dakota, Wyoming	untere bis obere marine Fazies	240 Exemplare	Ammonit (Placenticeratidae)
Scaphitidae indet.¹⁹²⁰	North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	untere bis obere marine Fazies	Viele unbestimmte Exemplare	Ammonit (Scaphitidae)
Sphenodiscus lenticularis²¹²²	South Dakota, Wyoming	untere bis obere marine Fazies; Hell Creek Formation	36 Exemplare	Ammonit (Sphenodiscidae)

Muscheln:

Bild:	Spezies:	Fundort:	Stratigraphische Position:	Bekanntes Material:	Bemerkungen:
	Anomia gryphorhyncha²³	North Dakota, South Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	7 Exemplare	Sattelmuschel (Anomiidae)
	Anomia micronema²⁴	North Dakota, South Dakota	untere marine Fazies	7 Exemplare	Sattelmuschel (Anomiidae)
	Callista deweyi²⁵	North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	untere bis obere marine Fazies	13 Exemplare	Venusmuschel (Veneridae); synonym zu Dosinopsis deweyi
	Corbicula intermedea²⁶	South Dakota	untere bis obere marine Fazies	—	Körbchenmuschel (Corbiculidae); synonym zu Corbicula nebrascensis
	Corbicula subelliptica²⁷²⁸	South Dakota	untere marine Fazies; Hell Creek Formation	—	Körbchenmuschel (Corbiculidae)
	Corbicula sp.²⁹	South Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	Viele unbestimmte Exemplare	Körbchenmuschel (Corbiculidae)
	Crassatella andrewsi ³⁰	North Dakota, South Dakota	obere marine Fazies (Cannonball-Member)	—	Trapezmuschel (Crassatellidae); synonym zu Crassatellites evansi
	Crassostrea subtrigonalis³¹³²	South Dakota, Wyoming	untere marine Fazies; Hell Creek Formation	—	Auster (Ostreidae)
	Cucullaea nebraskensis³³	North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	untere bis obere marine Fazies	9 Exemplare	Kapuzenmuschel (Cucullaeidae)
	Cucullaea solenensis³⁴	North Dakota, South Dakota	obere marine Fazies (Cannonball-Member)	—	Kapuzenmuschel (Cucullaeidae)
	Cuspidaria ventricosa³⁵	North Dakota, South Dakota	untere marine Fazies	7 Exemplare	Keulenmuschel (Cuspidariidae)
	Cymbophora warrenana³⁶	North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	untere marine Fazies	21 Exemplare	Trogmuschel (Mactridae)
	Dentalium pauperculum³⁷	North Dakota, South Dakota	obere marine Fazies (Cannonball Member)	—	Elefantenzahnmuschel (Dentaliidae)
	Eriphyla mandanensis³⁸	North Dakota, South Dakota	obere marine Fazies (Cannonball Member)	—	Astarte (Astartidae)
	Glycymeris subimbricata³⁹	North Dakota, South Dakota	obere marine Fazies (Cannonball Member)	—	Samtmuschel (Glycymerididae)
—	Granocardium sp.⁴⁰	South Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	—	Herzmuschel (Cardiidae)
	Hiatella sp. (?)⁴¹	South Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	—	Felsenbohrer (Hiatellidae)
	Idonearca shumardi⁴²	North Dakota, South Dakota	obere marine Fazies (Cannonball Member)	—	Archenmuschel (Arcidae); synonym zu Cucullaea shumardi
—	Inoceramus barabini (?)⁴³	Wyoming	untere marine Fazies	—	Inocerame (Inoceramidae)
	Laternula subgracilis⁴⁴	North Dakota, South Dakota	obere marine Fazies (Cannonball Member)	4 Exemplare	Löffelmuschel (Periplomatidae); synonym zu Anatina subgracilis.
—	Leda mansfieldi⁴⁵	North Dakota, South Dakota	obere marine Fazies (Cannonball Member)	—	Schnabelmuschel (Nuculanidae)
—	Leptesthes berthoudi⁴⁶	North Dakota, South Dakota	obere marine Fazies (Cannonball Member)	—	Körbchenmuschel (Cyrenidae); synonym zu Corbicula berthoudi
—	Leptosolen sp.⁴⁷	South Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	—	Salzwassermuschel (Cultellidae)
—	Limopsis striatopunctatus⁴⁸	North Dakota, South Dakota	untere marine Fazies	3 Exemplare	Salzwassermuschel (Limopsidae )
—	Lucina cedrensis⁴⁹	North Dakota, South Dakota	obere marine Fazies (Cannonball Member)	—	Mondmuschel (Lucinidae)
—	Malletia evansi⁵⁰	North Dakota, South Dakota	untere bis obere marine Fazies	8 Exemplare	Salzwassermuschel (Malletiidae)
—	Modiolus bucharrellensis⁵¹	North Dakota, South Dakota	obere marine Fazies (Cannonball Member)	—	Miesmuschel (Mytilidae)
—	Modiolus meeki⁵²	South Dakota, Wyoming	untere marine Fazies	9 Exemplare	Miesmuschel (Mytilidae)
—	Nucula cancellata⁵³	South Dakota, Wyoming	untere marine Fazies	9 Exemplare	Nussmuschel (Nuculidae)
—	Nucula planimarginata⁵⁴	South Dakota, Wyoming	untere bis obere marine Fazies	12 Exemplare	Nussmuschel (Nuculidae)
—	Nucula subplana⁵⁵	North Dakota, South Dakota	obere marine Fazies (Cannonball Member)	—	Nussmuschel (Nuculidae)
—	Nymphalucina occidentalis⁵⁶	South Dakota, Wyoming	untere marine Fazies	13 Exemplare	Mondmuschel (Lucinidae)
—	Obovaria pyramidella (?)⁵⁷	—	Hell Creek Formation	—	Süßwassermuschel (Unionidae) (?)
—	Ostrea glabra⁵⁸	South Dakota, Wyoming	untere marine Fazies	3 Exemplare	Auster (Ostreidae)
—	Oxytoma nebrascana⁵⁹	North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	untere marine Fazies	42 Exemplare	Flügelmuschel (Oxytomidae)
—	Phelopteria linguaeformis⁶⁰	North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Colorado	untere bis obere marine Fazies	33 Exemplare	Flügelmuschel (Pteriidae)
—	Pleiodon sp.⁶¹	—	Hell Creek Formation	—	Süßwassermuschel (Iridinidae)
—	Plesielliptio gibbosoides⁶²	—	Hell Creek Formation	—	Süßwassermuschel (Unionidae)
—	Plesielliptio postbiplicatus⁶³	North Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	Süßwassermuschel (Unionidae)
—	Plesielliptio whitfieldi⁶⁴	—	Hell Creek Formation	—	Süßwassermuschel (Unionidae)
—	Plethobasus aesopiformis⁶⁵	—	Hell Creek Formation	—	Süßwassermuschel (Unionidae)
—	Plethobasus biesopoides⁶⁶	—	Hell Creek Formation	—	Süßwassermuschel (Unionidae)
—	Pleurobema cryptorhynchus⁶⁷	—	Hell Creek Formation	—	Süßwassermuschel (Unionidae)
—	Portlandia (Arctica) ovata⁶⁸	North Dakota, South Dakota	obere marine Fazies (Cannonball Member)	—	Salzwassermuschel (Yoldiidae )
—	Proparreysia barnumi⁶⁹	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	—	Süßwassermuschel (Unionidae)
—	Proparreysia corbiculoides⁷⁰	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	—	Süßwassermuschel (Unionidae)
—	Proparreysia holmesiana⁷¹	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	—	Süßwassermuschel (Unionidae)
—	Proparreysia letsoni⁷²	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	—	Süßwassermuschel (Unionidae)
—	Proparreysia paucinodosa⁷³	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	—	Süßwassermuschel (Unionidae)
—	Proparreysia percorrugata⁷⁴	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	—	Süßwassermuschel (Unionidae)
—	Proparreysia pyramidatoides⁷⁵	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	—	Süßwassermuschel (Unionidae)
—	Proparreysia retusoides⁷⁶	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	—	Süßwassermuschel (Unionidae)
—	Proparreysia verrucosiformis⁷⁷	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	—	Süßwassermuschel (Unionidae)
—	Protocardia subquadrata⁷⁸	North Dakota, South Dakota	untere marine Fazies	10 Exemplare	Herzmuschel (Cardiidae)
—	Quadrula cylindricoides⁷⁹	—	Hell Creek Formation	—	Süßwassermuschel (Unionidae)
—	Rhabdotophorus aldrichi⁸⁰	—	Hell Creek Formation	—	Süßwassermuschel (Unionidae)
—	Solemya bilix⁸¹	North Dakota, South Dakota	obere marine Fazies (Cannonball Member)	—	Schotenmuschel (Solemyidae)
—	Sphaerium beckmani⁸²	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation	7 Exemplare	Salzwassermuschel (Sphaeriidae)
—	Tancredia sp. (?)⁸³	—	untere marine Fazies	—	Herzmuschel (Tancrediidae)
—	Tancredia americana⁸⁴	North Dakota, South Dakota	untere marine Fazies	11 Exemplare	Herzmuschel (Tancrediidae)
—	Tellina scitula⁸⁵	North Dakota, South Dakota	untere marine Fazies	4 Exemplare	Plattmuschel (Tellinidae)
—	Trigonia? hancocki⁸⁶	North Dakota, South Dakota	obere marine Fazies (Cannonball Member)	—	Dreiecksmuschel (Trigoniidae)
—	Tellina scitula⁸⁷	North Dakota, South Dakota	untere bis obere marine Fazies	4 Exemplare	Plattmuschel (Tellinidae)
	Varicorbula gibba⁸⁸Stanton, T. W. (1920). The fauna of the Cannonball marine member of the Lance formation. Professional Paper, U.S. Geological Survey, 128, 1–60.	North Dakota, South Dakota	obere marine Fazies (Cannonball Member)	—	Korbmuschel (Corbulidae), synonym zu Corbula mactriformis
	Veloritina occidentalis⁸⁹	South Dakota	untere marine Fazies	—	Körbchenmuschel (Corbiculidae); synonym zu Corbicula cytheriformis und Corbicula occidentalis
—	Yoldia thomi⁹⁰	North Dakota, South Dakota	obere marine Fazies (Cannonball Member)	—	Salzwasssermuschel (Yoldiidae)

Schnecken:

Bild:	Spezies:	Fundort:	Stratigraphische Position:	Bekanntes Material:	Bemerkungen:
—	Anchura (Drepanocheilus) americana⁹¹	South Dakota	untere marine Fazies	—	Pelikanfuß (Aporrhaidae)
—	Campeloma sp.⁹²	—	Hell Creek Formation	—	Süßwasserschnecke (Viviparidae)
—	Cinulia coacinna⁹³	—	untere marine Fazies	—	Salzwasserschnecke (Ringiculidae)
—	Cylichna volvaria⁹⁴	—	untere marine Fazies	—	Kanu-Blasenschnecke (Cylichnidae)
—	Fasciolaria (Piestochilus) culbertsoni⁹⁵	—	untere marine Fazies	—	Tulpenschnecke (Fasciolariidae)
—	Fasciolaria buccinoides⁹⁶	—	untere marine Fazies	—	Tulpenschnecke (Fasciolariidae)
—	Haminea minor⁹⁷	—	untere marine Fazies	—	Blasenschnecke (Bullidae)
—	Lunatia concinna⁹⁸	—	untere marine Fazies	—	Mondschnecke (Naticidae)
—	Lunatia obliquata⁹⁹	South Dakota	untere marine Fazies	5 Exemplare	Mondschnecke (Naticidae)
—	Lunatia occidentalis¹⁰⁰	—	untere marine Fazies	—	Mondschnecke (Naticidae)
—	Lunatia subcrassa¹⁰¹	—	untere marine Fazies	—	Mondschnecke (Naticidae)
—	Melampus sp.¹⁰²	—	untere marine Fazies	—	Küstenschnecke (Ellobiidae)
—	Melania (Nerita) insculpta¹⁰³	—	untere marine Fazies	—	Kahnschnecke (Neritidae)
—	Melania wyomingensis¹⁰⁴	Wyoming	untere marine Fazies	—	Kahnschnecke (Neritidae)
—	Neritina bruneri¹⁰⁵	—	untere marine Fazies	—	Kahnschnecke (Neritidae)
—	Neritina (Velatella) baptista¹⁰⁶	—	untere marine Fazies	—	Kahnschnecke (Neritidae)
—	Panope simulatrix¹⁰⁷	—	untere marine Fazies	—	Felsenbohrer (Hiatellidae)
—	Pyropsis bairdi¹⁰⁸	South Dakota	untere marine Fazies	—	Salzwasserschnecke (Moreidae)
—	Pyrifusus newberryi¹⁰⁹	—	untere marine Fazies	—	Salzwasserschnecke (Pholidotomida)
—	Serrifusus dakotensis¹¹⁰	Wyoming	untere marine Fazies	2 Exemplare	Kronenschnecke (Melongenidae)
—	Teredo sp.¹¹¹	—	untere marine Fazies	—	Schiffsbohrer (Teredinidae)

Insekten:

Spezies:	Fundort:	Stratigraphische Position:	Bekanntes Material:	Bemerkungen:
Aeschnidiidae indet.¹¹²	South Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	—	Libelle (Aeschnidiidae)
Brachycera indet.¹¹³	South Dakota	Obere Hell Creek Formation	—	Fliege (Brachycera)
Cephaloleichnites strongi¹¹⁴	—	Hell Creek Formation	—	Fraßspur eines Käfers auf Ingwer-Blatt
Hemiphlebiidae indet.¹¹⁵	South Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	—	Damselfliege (Hemiphlebiidae)
Nematocera indet.¹¹⁶	South Dakota	Obere Hell Creek Formation	—	Mücke (Nematocera)

Die hier beschriebenen Insekten sind vor allem aus Bernstein-Einschlüssen bekannt.¹¹⁷Viele von ihnen, die in der Hell Creek Formation und der darüberliegenden Fort Union Formation noch vorkamen, sind wahrscheinlich während des Massenaussterbens am Ende der Kreidezeit ausgestorben.¹¹⁸¹¹⁹¹²⁰

Knorpelfische:

Bild:	Spezies:	Fundort:	Stratigraphische Position:	Bekanntes Material:	Bemerkungen:
—	Carcharias sp.¹²¹	North Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	—	Sandtigerhai (Carchariidae)
—	Carcharhinidae indet. ¹²²	South Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	—	Requiemhai (Carcharhinidae)
—	Chiloscyllium sp.¹²³	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	—	Bambushai (Hemiscylliidae)
	Galagadon nordquistae¹²⁴	South Dakota (Matrix von T. rex „Sue“)	Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	Teppichhai (Orectolobiformes)
—	Lonchidion selachos¹²⁵¹²⁶	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Untere bis obere Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	59 Exemplare	Hybodonter Hai (Lonchidiidae)
	Myledaphus biparitus¹²⁷	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	185 Exemplare	Gitarrenrochen (Rhinobatidae)
	Myledaphus pustulosus¹²⁸¹²⁹	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota	Untere bis obere Hell Creek Formation	über 1600 Exemplare	Gitarrenrochen (Rhinobatidae)
—	Protoginglymostoma estesi¹³⁰	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	—	Ammenhai (Ginglymostomatidae)
	Restesia americana¹³¹¹³²¹³³	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Mittlere Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	26 Exemplare	Teppichhai (Orectolobiformes)
—	Scapanorhynchus sp. ¹³⁴	North Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	—	Koboldhai (Mitsukurinidae)
	Texatrygon avonicola¹³⁵	Wyoming	Lance Formation	44 Exemplare	Rochen (Ptychotrygonidae)

Knochenfische:

Bild:	Spezies:	Fundort:	Stratigraphische Position:	Bekanntes Material:	Bemerkungen:
—	Acipenser amnisinferos ¹³⁶	North Dakota (Tanis)	Oberste Hell Creek Formatiom	—	Stör (Acipenseridae)
—	Acipenser cf. amnisinferos¹³⁷	North Dakota (Tanis)	Oberste Hell Creek Formatiom	—	Stör (Acipenseridae)
	Acipenser eruciferus¹³⁸	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	11 Exemplare	Stör (Acipenseridae)
—	Acipenser praeparatorum¹³⁹	North Dakota (Tanis)	Oberste Hell Creek Formatiom	—	Stör (Acipenseridae)
—	Acipenser sp.¹⁴⁰	North Dakota, South Dakota	Untere bis obere Hell Creek Formation	18 Exemplare	Stör (Acipenseridae)
—	Anchiacipencer acanthaspis¹⁴¹	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	—	Stör (Acipenseridae)
—	Belonostomus longirostris¹⁴²	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota	Untere bis obere Hell Creek Formation	70 Exemplare	Knochenfisch (Aspidorhynchiformes)
—	Coriops amnicolus¹⁴³¹⁴⁴	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Untere bis obere Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	54 Exemplare	Knochenfisch (Osteoglossomorpha)
	Cyclurus fragosus¹⁴⁵¹⁴⁶	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	über 2600 Exemplare	Kahlhecht (Amiidae)
	„Lepisosteus occidentalis“¹⁴⁷¹⁴⁸¹⁴⁹	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Untere bis obere Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	über 980 Exemplare	Knochenhecht (Lepisosteidae)
	Melvius thomasi¹⁵⁰¹⁵¹	North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Untere bis obere Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	41 Exemplare	Kahlhecht (Amiidae)
—	Pachyrhizodontoidei indet.¹⁵²	—	Hell Creek Formation	—	Knochenfisch (Pachyrhizodontoidei)
—	Palaeolabrus montanensis¹⁵³	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	4 Exemplare	Knochenfisch (Palaeolabridae)
	Paleopsephurus wilsoni¹⁵⁴	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	4 Exemplare	Löffelstör (Polyodontidae)
—	Paralbula casei¹⁵⁵	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	82 Exemplare	Knochenfisch (Phyllodontidae)
—	Parapsephurus willybemisi¹⁵⁶	North Dakota (Tanis)	Oberste Hell Creek Formatiom	—	Löffelstör (Polyodontidae)
—	Phyllodus paulkatoi¹⁵⁷	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	3 Exemplare	Knochenfisch (Phyllodontidae)
—	Platacodon nanus¹⁵⁸	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	21 Exemplare	Umberfisch (Sciaenidae)
—	Polyodontidae indet.¹⁵⁹	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	—	Löffelstör (Polyodontidae)
—	Protamia sp.¹⁶⁰	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	—	Kahlhecht (Amiidae)
—	Protoscaphirhynchus squamosus¹⁶¹	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	—	Stör (Acipenseridae)
—	Pugiopsephurus squamosus¹⁶²	North Dakota (Tanis)	Oberste Hell Creek Formatiom	—	Löffelstör (Polyodontidae)

Amphibien:

Bild:	Spezies:	Fundort:	Stratigraphische Position:	Bekanntes Material:	Bemerkungen:
—	Anura indet.¹⁶³	North Dakota, South Dakota	Mittlere bis obere Hell Creek Formation	3 Exemplare	Frosch
—	Barbourula sp.¹⁶⁴	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	—	Unke (Bombinatoridae)
—	Caudata indet.¹⁶⁵¹⁶⁶	North Dakota, South Dakota	Untere bis obere Hell Creek Formation	149 Exemplare	Salamander?
—	Eopelobates sp.¹⁶⁷	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	—	Kröte (Pelobatidae)
	Habrosaurus dilatus¹⁶⁸¹⁶⁹	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota	Mittlere bis obere Hell Creek Formation	52 Exemplare	Armmolch (Sirenidae)
—	Lisserpeton bairdi¹⁷⁰¹⁷¹	Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	25 Exemplare	Schwanzlurch (Scapherpetontidae)
—	Opisthotriton kayi¹⁷²¹⁷³	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota	Untere bis obere Hell Creek Formation	111 Exemplare	Salamander (Batrachosauroididae)
	Paranecturus garbanii¹⁷⁴	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	8 Exemplare	Grottenolm (Proteidae)
—	Proamphiuma cretacea¹⁷⁵	Montana, North Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	4 Exemplare	Schwanzlurch (Caudata)
—	Prodesmodon copei¹⁷⁶¹⁷⁷	Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	32 Exemplare	Salamander (Batrachosauroididae)
	Scapherpeton tectum¹⁷⁸¹⁷⁹	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota	Untere bis obere Hell Creek Formation	132 Exemplare	Schwanzlurch (Scapherpetontidae)
—	Scotiophryne pustulosa¹⁸⁰¹⁸¹	Montana, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	16 Exemplare	Frosch (Anura)

Schuppenechsen:

Bild:	Spezies:	Fundort:	Stratigraphische Position:	Bekanntes Material:	Bemerkungen:
—	Boidae indet.¹⁸²	—	Hell Creek Formation	—	—
—	Cemeterius monstrosus¹⁸³¹⁸⁴¹⁸⁵	Montana, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	2 Exemplare	Schuppenechse (Platynota)
—	Cerberophis robustus¹⁸⁶¹⁸⁷	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	Schlange (Alethinophidia)
—	Chamops segnis¹⁸⁸¹⁸⁹	Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	28 Exemplare	Schienenechse (Chamopsidae)
—	Contogenys sloani¹⁹⁰	Montana, South Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	5 Exemplare	Skink (Scincidae)
—	Colpodontosaurus cracens¹⁹¹¹⁹²¹⁹³	Wyoming	Lance Formation	10 Exemplare	Schleichenartiger (Anguimorpha)
—	Estescincosaurus cooki¹⁹⁴¹⁹⁵	Wyoming	Lance Formation	3 Exemplare	Skink (Scincidae)
—	Exostinus lancensis¹⁹⁶¹⁹⁷	Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	16 Exemplare	Höckereche (Xenosauridae)
—	Haptosphenus placodon¹⁹⁸¹⁹⁹	Montana, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	10 Exemplare	Schienenechse (Teiidae)
—	Leptochamops denticulatus²⁰⁰²⁰¹	Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	22 Exemplare	Schienenechse (Teiidae)
—	Litakis gilmorei²⁰²	Wyoming	Lance Formation	3 Exemplare	Schuppenechse (Squamata; genauere Bestimmung nicht möglich)
—	Meniscognathus altmani²⁰³	Wyoming	Lance Formation	11 Exemplare	Schienenechse (Chamopsidae)
—	Mosasauridae indet.²⁰⁴	North Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	Mosasaurier
	Obamadon gracilis²⁰⁵²⁰⁶²⁰⁷	Montana, Wyomimg	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	2 Exemplare	Schuppenechse (Polyglyphanodontia)
	Palaeosaniwa canadensis²⁰⁸²⁰⁹	Montana, North Dakota, Wyomimg	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	22 Exemplare	Krustenechse (Monstersauria)
—	Paraderma bogerti²¹⁰²¹¹	Montana, Wyomimg	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	13 Exemplare	Krustenechse (Monstersauria)
—	Parasaniwa wyomingensis²¹²²¹³	Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	21 Exemplare	Waran (Palaeovaranidae)
—	Peneteius aquilonius²¹⁴²¹⁵	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	5 Exemplare	Schuppenechse (Polyglyphanodontia)
—	Proxestops jepseni²¹⁶	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	11 Exemplare	Blindschleiche (Anguidae)

Aus den marinen Faszies der Hell Creek Formation sind die bislang noch unbestimmten Fossilien eines großen Mosasauriers bekannt, der eine geschätzte Länge von 11m gehabt haben könnte.²¹⁷

Pantestudines:

Bild:	Spezies:	Fundort:	Stratigraphische Position:	Bekanntes Material:	Bemerkungen:
—	Adocus sp.²¹⁸²¹⁹	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	—	Halsberger-Schilddkröte (Adocidae)
—	Aspideretoides foveatus²²⁰	Wyoming	Lance Formation	5 Exemplare	Weichschildkröte (Trionychidae)
	Axestemys infernalis²²¹²²²²²³	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation, Lance Formation	10 Exemplare	—
	Basilemys sinuosa²²⁴²²⁵²²⁶	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	15 Exemplare	Tabasco-Flussschildkröte (Dermatemydidae)
—	Cedrobaena putorius²²⁷²²⁸	North Dakota, South Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	5 Exemplare	Süßwasserschildkröte (Baenoidea)
—	Chelydridae indet.²²⁹	—	Hell Creek Formation	—	Alligatorschildkröte (Chelydridae)
—	Compsemys victa²³⁰²³¹	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	116 Exemplare	Schnappschildkröte (Compsemydidae)
—	Emarginachelys cretacea²³²	Montana, North Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	5 Exemplare	Alligatorschildkröte (Chelydridae)
—	Eubaena cephalica²³³²³⁴	Montana, North Dakota, Wyomimg	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	7 Exemplare	Süßwasserschildkröte (Baenidae)
—	Gamerabaena sonsalla²³⁵²³⁶	North Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	Süßwasserschildkröte (Baenidae)
—	Gilmoremys lancensis²³⁷²³⁸	Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	6 Exemplare	Weichschildkröte (Trionychidae)
—	Helopanoplia distincta²³⁹²⁴⁰	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	40 Exemplare	Weichschildkröte (Trionychidae)
—	Hoplochelys clark²⁴¹	North Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	Tabasco-Flussschildkröte (Dermatemydidae)
—	Hutchemys walkerorum²⁴²	North Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	Weichschildkröte (Trionychidae)
—	Neurankylus eximius²⁴³	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	9 Exemplare	Süßwasserschildkröte (Baenidae)
—	Osteopygis (Judithemys) backmani²⁴⁴	Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	13 Exemplare	Süßwasserschildkröte (Baenidae)
—	Palatobaena cohen²⁴⁵	Montana, North Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	3 Exemplare	Süßwasserschildkröte (Baenidae)
—	Peckemys (Cedrobaena) brinkman²⁴⁶²⁴⁷	Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	5 Exemplare	Süßwasserschildkröte (Baenidae)
—	Plastomenus sp.²⁴⁸²⁴⁹	Montana, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	—	Weichschildkröte (Trionychidae)
—	Plesiobaena antiqua²⁵⁰	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	25 Exemplare	Süßwasserschildkröte (Baenidae)
—	Plesiosauria indet.	—	Hell Creek Formation	—	Plesiosaurier
—	Saxochelys gilberti²⁵¹	North Dakota, South Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	3 Exemplare	Süßwasserschildkröte (Baenidae)
—	Stygiochelys estesi²⁵²	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	5 Exemplare	Süßwasserschildkröte (Baenidae)
—	Thescelus insiliens²⁵³²⁵⁴	Montana, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	5 Exemplare	Süßwasserschildkröte (Baenidae)
—	Trionyx sp.²⁵⁵²⁵⁶	Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	—	Weichschildkröte (Trionychidae)

Choristodera:

Bild:	Spezies:	Fundort:	Stratigraphische Position:	Bekanntes Material:	Bemerkungen:
	Champsosaurus ambulator²⁵⁷²⁵⁸	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	Champsosaurier (Champsosauridae)
—	Champsosaurus laramiensis²⁵⁹²⁶⁰	Montana, North Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	5 Exemplare	Champsosaurier (Champsosauridae)
—	Champsosaurus sp.²⁶¹	Wyoming	Lance Formation	1 Exemplar	Champsosaurier (Champsosauridae)

Krokodile:

Bild:	Spezies:	Fundort:	Stratigraphische Position:	Bekanntes Material:	Bemerkungen:
	Borealosuchus sternbergii²⁶²²⁶³²⁶⁴	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	85 Exemplare	Scheinkrokodil (Eusuchia)
	Brachychampsa montana²⁶⁵²⁶⁶²⁶⁷	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	82 Exemplare	Alligator (Alligatoridae)
—	Prodiplocynodon langi²⁶⁸	Wyoming	Lance Formation	1 Exemplar	Scheinkrokodil (Crocodyloidea)
	Thoracosaurus neocesariensis²⁶⁹²⁷⁰	North Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	30 Exemplare	Scheinkrokodil (Eusuchia)

Es sind außerdem die fragmentarischen Überreste eines weiteren Krokodils bekannt, die vielleicht zu einem besonders großen Exemplar von Thoracosaurus gehören könnten.

Pterosaurier:

Bild:	Spezies:	Fundort:	Stratigraphische Position:	Bekanntes Material:	Bemerkungen:
—	Azhdarchidae indet.²⁷¹	North Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	—	Azhdarchidae
	Infernodrakon hastacollis²⁷²²⁷³	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	Azhdarchidae
—	Pterosauria indet.²⁷⁴	—	Hell Creek Formation	—	(Pteranodontidae?)

Ornithischier:

Bild:	Spezies:	Fundort:	Stratigraphische Position:	Bekanntes Material:	Bemerkungen:
	Ankylosaurus magniventris²⁷⁵²⁷⁶²⁷⁷	Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming	Untere bis obere Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	15 Exemplare	Ankylosauridae
—	Denversaurus schlessmani²⁷⁸²⁷⁹²⁸⁰	Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming	Untere bis obere Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	4 Exemplare	Nodosauridae
—	Dracorex hogwartsia²⁸¹²⁸²²⁸³²⁸⁴	South Dakota	Mittlere Hell Creek Formation	—	umstritten, sehr wahrscheinlich Synonym zu Pachycephalosaurus
—	Edmontonia sp.²⁸⁵	Wyoming	Lance Formation	—	umstritten, höchstwahrscheinlich synonym mit Denversaurus
	Edmontosaurus annectens²⁸⁶²⁸⁷²⁸⁸²⁸⁹²⁹⁰²⁹¹²⁹²²⁹³	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Untere bis obere Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	29 Exemplare	Hadrosaurier (Saurolophini)
	Leptoceratops gracilis²⁹⁴²⁹⁵²⁹⁶²⁹⁷	Montana, Wyoming	Untere bis obere Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	5 Exemplare	Ceratopsier (Leptoceratopsidae)
—	Nedoceratops hatcheri²⁹⁸²⁹⁹³⁰⁰³⁰¹³⁰²	Wyoming	Lance Formation	—	umsritten, sehr wahrscheinlich Synonym zu Triceratops
	Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis³⁰³³⁰⁴³⁰⁵³⁰⁶	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Obere Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	26 Exemplare	Pachycephalosauridae
—	„Palaeosincus latus“³⁰⁷	Wyoming	Lance Formation	1 Exemplar	Nomen dubium. Zähne eines Nodosauriers oder Pachycephalosauriers.
—	Platytholus clemensi³⁰⁸	Montana	Untere Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	Pachycephalosauridae
	Sphaerotholus buchholtzae³⁰⁹³¹⁰³¹¹	Montana	Untere bis obere Hell Creek Formation	2 Exemplare	Pachycephalosauridae
—	Sphaerotholus triregnum³¹²³¹³	Montana	Mittlere Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	Pachycephalosauridae
—	Stygimoloch spinifer³¹⁴³¹⁵³¹⁶³¹⁷³¹⁸	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Oberste Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	—	umstritten, möglicherweise Synonym oder jüngere Chronospezies zu Pachycephalosaurus
—	Tatankaceratops sacrisonorum³¹⁹³²⁰	South Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	umstritten, höchstwahrscheinlich Synonym zu Triceratops
—	Thescelosaurus garbanii³²¹³²²³²³	Montana	Untere Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	Thescelosauridae
	Thescelosaurus neglectus³²⁴³²⁵³²⁶³²⁷³²⁸³²⁹	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Untere bis obere Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	28 Exemplare	Thescelosauridae
	Torosaurus latus³³⁰³³¹³³²³³³³³⁴³³⁵	North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Obere Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	7 Exemplare	umstritten, möglicherweise Synonym zu Triceratops (Männchen?)
—	Triceratops horridus³³⁶³³⁷³³⁸³³⁹	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Untere bis mittlere Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	41 Exemplare	Ceratopsier (Chasmosaurinae)
	Triceratops prorsus³⁴⁰³⁴¹³⁴²³⁴³³⁴⁴³⁴⁵	Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming	Obere Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	17 Exemplare	Ceratopsier (Chasmosaurinae); mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit jüngere Chronospezies von T. horridus.

Saurischia:

Bild:	Spezies:	Fundort:	Stratigraphische Position:	Bekanntes Material:	Bemerkungen:
	Acheroraptor temertyorum³⁴⁶³⁴⁷	Montana, South Dakota	Untere bis obere Hell Creek Formation	2 Exemplare, viele Zähne	Dromaeosauridae (Velociraptorini)
	Anzu wyliei³⁴⁸³⁴⁹³⁵⁰³⁵¹	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota	Untere bis obere Hell Creek Formation	12 Exemplare	Caenagnathidae
—	Caenagnathidae indet.³⁵²³⁵³	Montana, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	—	Sehr großer Oviraptorosaurier, deutlich größer als Anzu wyliei; sowie ein kleiner partieller Kiefer, der einst für den Schnabel eines Papageien gehalten wurde
	Dakotaraptor steini³⁵⁴³⁵⁵³⁵⁶³⁵⁷	South Dakota	Obere Hell Creek Formation	4 Exemplare	umstritten, sehr großer Dromaeosaurier; wahrscheinlich eine Chimäre
—	Eoneophron infernalis³⁵⁸	South Dakota	Obere Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	Caenagnathidae
—	Microraptoria indet.³⁵⁹	Wyoming	Lance Formation	4 Exemplare	Möglicherweise der jüngste Nachweis eines Microraptoriden. Könnte jedoch auch zu einem Halszkaraptorinen oder kleinen Unenlagnien gehören.
	Nanotyrannus lancensis³⁶⁰³⁶¹³⁶²³⁶³	Montana	Obere Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	Nanotyrannidae (Dryptosauridae?)
—	Nanotyrannus lethaeus³⁶⁴	Montana	Untere bis obere Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	umstritten, Basierend auf dem Exemplar „Jane“, das vielleicht auch ein juveniler T. rex sein könnte; Nanotyrannidae (Dryptosauridae?)
—	Ornithomimidae indet.³⁶⁵	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota	Untere bis obere Hell Creek Formation	15 Exemplare aus Hell Creek	Ornithomimidae
	Ornithomimus velox³⁶⁶³⁶⁷³⁶⁸³⁶⁹	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Untere bis obere Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	5 Exemplare	Ornithomimidae
—	„Orcomimus“³⁷⁰	South Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar?	Nomen nudum; noch nicht beschriebener Ornithomimosaurier
	Pectinodon bakkeri³⁷¹³⁷²	South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming	Untere bis obere Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	5 Exemplare, viele Zähne	Troodontidae
—	Paronychodon caperatus³⁷³	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	—	umstritten, viele Zahnfunde eines Troodontiden; wahrscheinlich Synonym zu Pectinodon
—	Richardoestesia sp.³⁷⁴³⁷⁵	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	—	umstritten, „Mülleimer-Gattung“, der viele Zähne zugeschrieben wurden; wahrschleinlich Synonym zu Pectinodon
	Struthiomimus sedens³⁷⁶³⁷⁷³⁷⁸³⁷⁹³⁸⁰	Montana, Wyoming	Obere Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	2 Exemplare	Ornithomimidae
	Trierarchuncus prairiensis³⁸¹³⁸²³⁸³³⁸⁴	Montana, Wyoming	Obere Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	6 Exemplare	Alvarezsauridae
	Tyrannosaurus rex³⁸⁵³⁸⁶³⁸⁷³⁸⁸	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Untere bis obere Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	73 Exemplare	Tyrannosauridae

Vögel:

Bild:	Spezies:	Fundort:	Stratigraphische Position:	Bekanntes Material:	Bemerkungen:
	Avisaurus archibaldi³⁸⁹³⁹⁰³⁹¹³⁹²	Montana, North Dakota	Mittlere Hell Creek Formation	2 Exemplare	Enantiornithes (Avisauridae)
	Avisaurus cf. archibaldi³⁹³	Montana	Oberste Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	Enantiornithes (Avisauridae)
—	Avisaurus darwini³⁹⁴	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	Enantiornithes (Avisauridae)
—	Avisaurus sp.³⁹⁵	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	—	Enantiornithes (Avisauridae)
	Brodavis baileyi³⁹⁶	South Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	Hesperornithes (Brodavidae)
—	Ceramornis major³⁹⁷³⁹⁸	Wyoming	Lance Formation	1 Exemplar	Regenpfeifer (Cimolopterygidae)
	Cimolopteryx rara³⁹⁹⁴⁰⁰	Wyoming	Lance Formation	1 Exemplar	Regenpfeifer (Cimolopterygidae)
—	„Cimolopteryx maxima“⁴⁰¹⁴⁰²⁴⁰³	Montana, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	2 Exemplare	Nomen dubium; wahrscheinlich kein Cimolopteryx; Röhrenschnabel (Cimolopterygidae?)
—	„Enantiornithine B“⁴⁰⁴	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	noch unbeschrieben, Enantiornithes
—	Galloanserae indet.⁴⁰⁵⁴⁰⁶	Wyoming	Lance Formation	2 Exemplare	Galloanserae
—	Graculavus augustus⁴⁰⁷⁴⁰⁸	Wyoming	Lance Formation	1 Exemplar	Regenpfeifer (Charadriiformes?)
—	Enantiornithes indet.[Chiappe, L. M. & Walker, C. A. (2002). Skeletal morphology and systematics of the Cretaceous Euenantiornithes (Ornithothoraces – Enantiornithes). In Chiappe, L. M. & Witmer, L. W. (Eds.), Mesozoic Birds – Above the Heads of Dinosaurs, 240–267. University of California Press.[/mfn]	Wyoming	Lance Formation	1 Exemplar	Enantiornithes, fälschlich zuerst Ornithomimus zugeordnet
—	„Hesperornithiform A“⁴⁰⁹⁴¹⁰	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	noch unbeschrieben, Hesperornithes, vielleicht Synonym zu Potamornis
—	Lamarqueavis minima⁴¹¹⁴¹²	Wyoming	Lance Formation	1 Exemplar	Regenpfeifer (Cimolopterygidae)
—	Lamarqueavis petra⁴¹³⁴¹⁴	Wyoming	Lance Formation	1 Exemplar	Regenpfeifer (Cimolopterygidae)
—	Lonchodytes estesi⁴¹⁵[/mfn]⁴¹⁶	Wyoming	Lance Formation	1 Exemplar	Röhrennasen (Procellariiformes?)
—	„Lonchodytes pterygius“⁴¹⁷	Wyoming	Lance Formation	1 Exemplar	Nomen dubium; wahrscheinlich kein Lonchodytes; Regenpfeifer (Charadriiformes?)
—	Magnusavis ekalakaenis⁴¹⁸	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	Enantiornithes, eng verwandt mit Avisauridae
—	„Ornithurine A“⁴¹⁹⁴²⁰	Wyoming	Lance Formation	3 Exemplare	noch unbeschrieben, Ornithurae, ähnelt Cimolopteryx
—	„Ornithurine B“⁴²¹⁴²²	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	noch unbeschrieben, Ornithurae, ähnelt Cimolopteryx
—	„Ornithurine C“⁴²³⁴²⁴	Montana, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	1 Exemplar	noch unbeschrieben, Ornithurae
—	„Ornithurine D“⁴²⁵	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	noch unbeschrieben, Ornithurae, wahrscheinlich Ichthyornithidae
—	„Ornithurine E“⁴²⁶	Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	2 Exemplare	noch unbeschrieben, Ornithurae
—	„Ornithurine F“⁴²⁷	Wyoming	Lance Formation	2 Exemplare	noch unbeschrieben, Ornithurae, ähnelt Cimolopteryx
—	„Palaeotringa vetus“⁴²⁸	Wyoming	Lance Formation	1 Exemplar	Nomen dubium; wahrscheinlich kein Palaeotringa, vielleicht ein Kranichartiger (Gruiformes?)
	Palintropus retusus⁴²⁹⁴³⁰	Wyoming	Lance Formation	1 Exemplar	Ambiortiformes
—	Phalacrocoracidae indet.⁴³¹	Wyoming	Lance Formation	1 Exemplar	Kormoran (Phalacrocoracidae)
—	Potamornis skutchi⁴³²⁴³³	Montana, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	2 Exemplare	Hesperornithes
—	Presbyornithidae indet.⁴³⁴	Wyoming	Lance Formation	4 Exemplare	Presbyornithidae
	„Styginetta lofgreni“⁴³⁵	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	Mehrere Exemplare	noch unbeschrieben (Nomen nudum), Gänsevögel (Presbyornithidae)
—	Torotix clemensi⁴³⁶	Wyoming	Lance Formation	1 Exemplar	Pelikan (Pelecaniformes)

Multituberculata:

Bild:	Spezies:	Fundort:	Stratigraphische Position:	Bekanntes Material:	Bemerkungen:
—	Cimexomys cf. minor⁴³⁷	Wyoming	Lance Formation	1 Exemplar	Multituberculata, unsichere Verwandtschaft
—	Cimexomys minor⁴³⁸⁴³⁹	Montana, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	30 Exemplare	Multituberculata, unsichere Verwandtschaft
—	Cimexomys sp.⁴⁴⁰	Wyoming	Lance Formation	1 Exemplar	Multituberculata, unsichere Verwandtschaft
—	Cimolodon cf. nitidus⁴⁴¹⁴⁴²	South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	2 Exemplare	Cimolodontidae
—	Cimolodon nitidus⁴⁴³⁴⁴⁴	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	77 Exemplare	Cimolodontidae
—	Cimolodon peregrinus⁴⁴⁵	Wyoming	Lance Formation	1 Exemplar	Cimolodontidae
—	Cimolodon sp.⁴⁴⁶	North Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	—	Cimolodontidae
—	Cimolomys cf. gracilis⁴⁴⁷	South Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	—	Cimolomyidae
—	Cimolomys gracilis⁴⁴⁸	Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation	32 Exemplare	Cimolomyidae
—	Essonodon browni⁴⁴⁹⁴⁵⁰	Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	16 Exemplare	Cimolomyidae
	Meniscoessus cf. robustus⁴⁵¹⁴⁵²	South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	2 Exemplare	Cimolomyidae
—	Meniscoessus conquistus⁴⁵³	South Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	Mehrere Exemplare	Cimolomyidae
	Meniscoessus robustus⁴⁵⁴⁴⁵⁵	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	111 Exemplare	Cimolomyidae
—	Meniscoessus sp.⁴⁵⁶	North Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	—	Cimolomyidae
—	Mesodma cf. formosa⁴⁵⁷	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	—	Neoplagiaulacidae
—	Mesodma cf. hensleighi⁴⁵⁸	South Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	—	Neoplagiaulacidae
—	Mesodma formosa⁴⁵⁹⁴⁶⁰	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	47 Exemplare	Neoplagiaulacidae
—	Mesodma hensleighi⁴⁶¹⁴⁶²	Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	25 Exemplare	Neoplagiaulacidae
—	Mesodma thompsoni⁴⁶³⁴⁶⁴	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	58 Exemplare	Neoplagiaulacidae
—	Mesodma sp.⁴⁶⁵	Wyoming	Lance Formation	1 Exemplar	Neoplagiaulacidae
—	Multituberculata indet.⁴⁶⁶	Wyoming	Lance Formation	1 Exemplar	Multituberculata
—	Neoplagiaulax burgessi⁴⁶⁷	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	Neoplagiaulacidae
—	Neoplagiaulacidae indet.⁴⁶⁸	Wyoming	Lance Formation	1 Exemplar	Neoplagiaulacidae
—	Paracimexomys priscus⁴⁶⁹⁴⁷⁰	Montana, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	11 Exemplare	Multituberculata, unsichere Verwandtschaft
—	Paressonodon nelsoni⁴⁷¹⁴⁷²	Montana, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	3 Exemplare	Cimolomyidae
—	Parikimys carpenteri⁴⁷³	Wyoming	Lance Formation	3 Exemplare	Neoplagiaulacidae
—	Stygimys kuszmauli⁴⁷⁴	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	40 Exemplare	Eucosmodontidae
—	Valenopsalis joyneri⁴⁷⁵	Montana	Obere Hell Creek Formation	9 Exemplare	Taeniolabidoidea

Beuteltiere:

Bild:	Spezies:	Fundort:	Stratigraphische Position:	Bekanntes Material:	Bemerkungen:
	Alphadon cf. marshi⁴⁷⁶	Montana, South Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	—	Alphadontidae
—	Alphadon cf. wilsoni⁴⁷⁷	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	—	Alphadontidae
	Alphadon marshi⁴⁷⁸⁴⁷⁹	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	30 Exemplare	Alphadontidae
—	Alphadon wilsoni⁴⁸⁰	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	3 Exemplare	Alphadontidae
	Didelphodon cf. vorax⁴⁸¹	South Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	—	Stagodontidae
—	Didelphodon padanicus⁴⁸²	South Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	20 Exemplare	Stagodontidae
	Didelphodon vorax⁴⁸³⁴⁸⁴	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	72 Exemplare	Stagodontidae
—	Didelphodon sp.⁴⁸⁵	North Dakota, South Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	Mehrere Exemplare	Stagodontidae
—	Glasbius cf. twitchelli⁴⁸⁶	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	—	Glasbiidae
—	Glasbius twitchelli⁴⁸⁷	Montana, North Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	20 Exemplare	Glasbiidae
—	Leptalestes cooki⁴⁸⁸⁴⁸⁹	Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	22 Exemplare	Pediomyidae
—	Leptalestes krejcii⁴⁹⁰⁴⁹¹⁴⁹²	Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	23 Exemplare	Pediomyidae
—	Nanocuris improvida⁴⁹³	Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	2 Exemplare	Deltatheridiidae
—	Nortedelphys jasoni⁴⁹⁴⁴⁹⁵⁴⁹⁶	Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	13 Exemplare	Herpetotheriidae
—	Pediomys elegans⁴⁹⁷⁴⁹⁸	Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	35 Exemplare	Pediomyidae
—	Protalphadon foxi⁴⁹⁹	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	Alphadontidae
—	Protalphadon lulli⁵⁰⁰⁵⁰¹	Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	11 Exemplare	Alphadontidae
—	Protolambda florencae⁵⁰²⁵⁰³⁵⁰⁴⁵⁰⁵	Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	31 Exemplare	Pediomyidae
—	Protolambda hatcheri⁵⁰⁶⁵⁰⁷⁵⁰⁸⁵⁰⁹	Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	38 Exemplare	Pediomyidae
—	Protolambda mcgilli⁵¹⁰⁵¹¹⁵¹²⁵¹³	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	Pediomyidae
—	Turgidodon rhaister⁵¹⁴⁵¹⁵	Montana, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	18 Exemplare	Alphadontidae

Plazentatiere:

Bild:	Spezies:	Fundort:	Stratigraphische Position:	Bekanntes Material:	Bemerkungen:
—	Alostera saskatchewanensis⁵¹⁶⁵¹⁷	Montana, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	7 Exemplare	Eutheria, unklare Verwandtschaft
—	Altacreodus magnus⁵¹⁸⁵¹⁹	Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	10 Exemplare	Vielleicht ein Creodont
—	Ambilestes cerberoides⁵²⁰	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	9 Exemplare	Eutheria, unklare Verwandtschaft
—	Batodon tenuis⁵²¹⁵²²	Montana, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	13 Exemplare	Cimolestidae
—	Cimolestes incisus⁵²³⁵²⁴	Montana, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	19 Exemplare	Cimolestidae
—	Cimolestes stirtoni⁵²⁵⁵²⁶	Montana, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	7 Exemplare	Cimolestidae
—	Gypsonictops cf. illuminatus⁵²⁷	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	—	Leptictida (Gypsonictopsidae)
—	Gypsonictops hypoconus⁵²⁸⁵²⁹	Montana, South Dakota, Wyoming	Hell Creek Formation; Lance Formation	35 Exemplare	Leptictida (Gypsonictopsidae)
—	Gypsonictops illuminatus⁵³⁰	Montana, North Dakota	Hell Creek Formation	27 Exemplare	Leptictida (Gypsonictopsidae)
—	Gypsonictops sp.⁵³¹	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	—	Leptictida (Gypsonictopsidae)
—	Paranyctoides sp.⁵³²	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	—	Spitzmausartige (Nyctitheriidae)
—	Protungulatum coombsi⁵³³	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	1 Exemplar	Huftiere (Protungulatidae)
	Purgatorius ceratops⁵³⁴⁵³⁵	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	11 Exemplare	Panprimates (Purgatoriidae)
—	Scollardius propalaeoryctes⁵³⁶	Montana	Hell Creek Formation	3 Exemplare	Cimolestidae

Spurenfossilien:

Dinosaurier-Fußabdrücke aus der Hell Creek Formation sind äußerst selten. 2007 wurde ein möglicher Fußabdruck von Tyrannosaurus rexentdeckt, der ein Jahr später beschrieben wurde.⁵³⁷ 1997 wurde außerdem ein Abdruck eines mittelgroßen Fleischfressers entdeckt, der vielleicht von einem Tyrannosaurus-Jungtier oder möglicherweise einem Nanotyrannus hinterlassen wurde. Das Ichnofossil wurde als Wakinyantanka styxi beschrieben.⁵³⁸

Fossilbericht der Pilze, Polen und Pflanzen:

Den bei weitem größten Teil der Land-Biomasse machen Pilze und Pflanzen aus. Ein großer Teil davon ist noch nicht einmal sichtbar, weil er sich tief unter der Erdoberfläche verbirgt. Das grüne Reich des fruchtbaren Lebens erstreckt sich bis tief hinein ins Erdreich, wo es eine einzigartige Lebensgemeinschaft aus Pflanzen, Pilzen, Mikroorganismen, Wirbellosen und auch einigen kleinen Wirbeltieren bildet. Den umfassenden Fossilbericht der Paläobotanik aus der Hell Creek- und Lance Formation findest du in einem eigenen Artikel, da dieser hier sonst zu lang geworden wäre.

Weitere Lagerstätten an den Gestaden des Binnenmeeres:

Hell Creek Formation

Lance Formation

Ferris Formation

Denver Formation

Laramie Formation

Cimarron Ridge Formation

Weitere Lagerstätten aus Mein traumhaftes Dinosaurier-Buch:

Hell Creek Formation – South Dakota (USA) vor 66 Ma

Prince Creek Formation – Alaska (USA) vor 69 Ma

Djadochta Formation – Mongolei vor 74 Ma

Niobrara Chalk Formation – Kansas vor 85 Ma

Bahariya Formation – Ägypten vor 100 Ma

Yixian Formation – Liaoning (China) vor 125 Ma

Altmühltal Formation – Bayern (Deutschland) vor 155 Ma

Posidonienschiefer – Baden-Württemberg (Deutschland) vor 180 Ma

Trossingen Formation – Baden Württemberg (Deutschland) vor 210 Ma

Chinle Formation – Arizona (USA) vor 225 Ma

Alle anderen Lagerstätten, die in meinen Büchern eine Rolle spielen, erreichst du über meine Interaktive Karte:

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Quellenangaben:

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Paleobiota of the Hell Creek Formation – Molluscs. Wikipedia, 21. Februar 2025.
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Paleobiota of the Hell Creek Formation – Molluscs. Wikipedia, 21. Februar 2025.
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3 thoughts on “Fossilbericht der Hell Creek- und Lance Formation”

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